Illustration depicting the complex treatment pathways for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) Illustration depicting the complex treatment pathways for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) Illustration depicting the complex treatment pathways for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) Illustration depicting the complex treatment pathways for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)

VARIOUS R/R PCNSL Treatment Options1,2
But No
Clear Choice

After initial response to first-line therapy, many patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) will experience refractory or relapsed disease—and FDA-approved therapies are limited.1-3

Understanding R/R PCNSL

No accepted standard of care

There is no consensus on the optimal treatment strategy.4

Current Treatment Challenges
Future Outlook

*May include targeted agents, immunomodulatory agents, or other monotherapy/combination regimens.2

†Also a type of chemotherapy.

Not all drugs within the presented classes are used in the treatment of R/R PCNSL.

ASCT=autologous stem cell transplantation; BTKi=Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor; FDA=Food and Drug Administration; IMiDs=immunomodulatory drugs; mAbs=monoclonal antibodies; R/R PCNSL=relapsing or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma; WBRT=whole brain radiation therapy.

References: 1. Langner-Lemercier S, Houillier C, Soussain C, et al. Primary CNS lymphoma at first relapse/progression: characteristics, management, and outcome of 256 patients from the French LOC network. Neuro Oncol. 2016;18(9):1297-1303. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now033 2. Ambady P, Doolittle ND, Fox CP. Relapsed and refractory primary CNS lymphoma: treatment approaches in routine practice. Ann Lymphoma. 2021;5:23. doi:10.21037/aol-21-20 3. FDA approves label update for Kite's Yescarta® for relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma. News release. Gilead Sciences, Inc. February 6, 2026. Accessed April 23, 2026. https://www.gilead.com/news/news-details/2026/fda-approves-label-update-for-kites-yescarta-for-relapsedrefractory-primary-central-nervous-system-lymphoma 4. Mendez JS, Grommes C. Treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: from chemotherapy to small molecules. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2018;38:604-615. doi:10.1200/EDBK_200829